Bacterial Hygiene Problems An Antimicrobial Solution for Clean Up
Although reported as a chemical entity as early as 1896,1 the microbiological activity of 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) was documented first as a seed fungicide in 1947,2 then later as a useful antimicrobial agent and slimicide in pulp and paper applications and in cooling water.3 Since then, it has also demonstrated antimicrobial value in enhanced oil recovery and in aqueous metalworking fluids.4
The facile reaction of DBNPA with microbially important, sulfur-containing nucleophiles such as glutathione or cysteine is the basis of its mode of antimicrobial action; it is not classified as an oxidizing or halogen-releasing biocide. Unlike typical thiol-reactive biocides, its action is such that thiol-based amino acids like cystiene and penicillamine are oxidized beyond the formation of disulfide species.5 By irreversibly disrupting the function of cell-surface components, transport across cell membranes is precluded, and key biological functions are inhibited. DBNPA offers an advantageous combination of rapid degradation to relatively non-toxic end products, and even faster microbial kill at low ppm concentrations.