Formulating a coating or ink is a complex optimization challenge. The final suspension must meet stringent end-use performance targets, reproducibly deliver the correct hue or tint, for example, or the expected level of gloss on a finished surface. Equally important, however, are criteria such as stability and application ease. Cost constraints frequently add a further level of complexity.
The innovation of new products, whether to meet customer requirements, financial targets or environmental legislation, stimulates a constant cycle of formulation and re-formulation within the industry and creates a demand for effective and supportive analytical strategies. Within this context, this article examines the application of a trio of materials characterization techniques: particle sizing, rheological analysis and zeta potential measurement, focusing in particular on their use in the development of product stability. While it is possible to adopt a ‘trial and error’ approach to formulating, applying these analytical techniques enables more efficient, targeted product development.