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Industrial Coatings

Corrosion Protection with New Cost-Effective Coating

By Del Williams, Technical Writer, Torrance, California
IndustrialCoatings-stk311313rkn.jpg
August 1, 2016

The annual cost of corrosion is over 3% of the world’s GDP, representing $2.2 trillion in U.S. dollars, according to the World Corrosion Organization. Economic sectors from oil and gas, infrastructure, utilities, and transportation to production, manufacturing, and government are at risk of corrosion globally. The large amounts of carbon steel exposed to atmospheric conditions or harsh processes can be particularly susceptible.

At risk are a variety of industrial facilities with structures constructed of carbon steel, from oil and natural gas tank farms, pipelines and processing equipment to wastewater treatment plants. The challenge with carbon steel is that as soon as it is made it begins to corrode.

Because of the high cost of production downtime, repair and replacement due to corrosion, a growing number of proactive companies are going beyond traditional techniques that have only slowed corrosion. They are turning to a new category of tough, Chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (CBPCs) that can stop carbon steel corrosion, extend equipment life, and minimize the cost and production downtime required to recoat, repair or replace equipment.

Stopping Corrosion, Minimizing Downtime

While many industries fight corrosion due to rain, humidity or proximity to a marine environment, some companies must combat it in harsher conditions where caustic chemicals may be present – such as the inside of certain industrial tanks.

When a large wastewater treatment facility in Texas sought to control corrosion in a number of mild steel equalization tanks, for instance, the status quo was unsatisfactory. Wastewater can be very corrosive to mild steel and traditional barrier coatings cannot reliably withstand it.

Polymer paints and rubber-type coatings have long been used as physical barriers to keep corrosion promoters such as water and oxygen away from steel substrates. This works until the paint is scratched, chipped or breached and corrosion promoters enter the gap between the substrate and coating. Then the coating can act like a greenhouse – trapping water, oxygen and other corrosion promoters – which allows the corrosion to spread.

“Often you can’t see the corrosion until you flake off the paint if there is corrosion under the surface,” says Bobby Hobbs, a job foreman at Ennis, Texas based DC Metal Construction, a privately owned company specializing in steel construction and industrial plant building projects.

Although stainless steel resists corrosion well, and tank bottoms and other areas at high corrosion risk are sometimes constructed of it for that reason, it can cost up to six times as much as mild steel.

To control corrosion, the wastewater treatment facility chose to have DC Metal Construction coat the inside of several equalization tanks with EonCoat; a spray applied inorganic coating from the Raleigh, N.C.-based company of the same name. EonCoat represents a new category of tough, Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics (CBPCs) that can stop corrosion.

In contrast to traditional polymer coatings that sit on top of the substrate, the corrosion-resistant coating bonds through a chemical reaction with the substrate, and slight surface oxidation actually improves the reaction. An alloy layer is formed. This makes it impossible for corrosion promoters like oxygen and humidity to get behind the coating the way they can with ordinary paints. The corrosion barrier is covered by a ceramic shell that resists corrosion, fire, water, abrasion, chemicals, and temperatures up to 400 °F.

Although traditional polymer coatings mechanically bond to substrates that have been extensively prepared, if gouged, moisture and oxygen will migrate under the coating’s film from all sides of the gouge.

By contrast, the same damage to the ceramic coated substrate will not spread corrosion because the carbon steel’s surface is turned into an alloy of stable oxides. Once the steel’s surface is stable (the way noble metals like gold and silver are stable) it will no longer react with the environment and corrode.

Visible in scanning electron microscope photography, EonCoat does not leave a gap between the steel and the coating because the bond is chemical rather than mechanical. Since there is no gap, even if moisture was to get through to the steel due to a gouge, there is nowhere for the moisture to travel. The only spot that can corrode is the scribe line itself, which eliminates the possibility of the corrosion migrating.

“Unlike traditional methods, the corrosion resistant coatings for mild steel have a double layer of protection,” says Hobbs. “The tough, outside ceramic coating will not chip like paint and takes sandblasting to remove. The chemically bonded layer stops corrosion and will not allow corrosion promoters to spread.”

After good results, DC Metal Construction coated the inside of a clarifier tank at the Texas wastewater facility as well.

“In the five steel tanks we have sprayed with EonCoat in the past six years, we have had no corrosion issues, and no need for patching,” says Hobbs. “From the results we are getting, I believe the corrosion resistant coating can add decades of low-maintenance, usable life to carbon steel tanks and other structures.”

Since the corrosion-resistant coating withstood the harsh wastewater tank immersion environment so well, Hobbs expects it to protect against corrosion just as effectively at oil tank farms, natural gas pipelines, petrochemical plants, and other industrial facilities.

For industrial facilities looking to reduce costs, there are additional advantages to CBPC coatings beyond corrosion resistance. This includes quick return to service that minimizes facility downtime, as well as no VOCs or HAPs, and a flame spread rating of zero which improves safety.

For corrosion protection projects using typical polymer paints such as polyurethanes or epoxies, the cure time may be days or weeks before the next coat of traditional ‘three part systems’ can be applied, depending on the product. The cure time is necessary to allow each coat to achieve its full properties, even though it may feel dry to the touch.

In contrast, a corrosion resistant coating for carbon steel utilizing the ceramic coating in a single coat requires almost no curing time. Return to service can be achieved in as little as one hour. This kind of speed in getting a facility producing again can potentially save hundreds of thousands of dollars per day in reduced downtime, for instance, in oil and gas applications.

“After appropriate tank preparation, we found that if we spray EonCoat in the morning the tank can be returned to service the same day because it applies in one coat and dries quickly,” says Hobbs. “Quick return to service like this can be particularly important in production-focused industries like oil and gas.”

EonCoat consists of two, nonhazardous components that do not interact until applied by a plural spray system like those commonly used to apply polyurethane foam or polyurea coatings. Since the coating is inorganic, there are no VOCs, no HAPs and no odor. This means that the coating can be applied safely, even in confined spaces.

“Since the corrosion resistant coating has no VOCs, HAPs or odor we were able to spray during work hours, so the facility could stay in full production in adjacent areas while we coated the tanks,” says Hobbs. For any plant, facility, or structure with corrosion issues, it is well worth considering.”

For more info, call 754-222-4919 or visit www.eoncoat.com.

KEYWORDS: Corrosion Control

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Del Williams is a technical writer based in Torrance, California. He writes about health, business, technology and educational issues.

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sealing against external weather?

Steve Smith
August 16, 2016
Where external weather and sunlight are involved in the application, the ceramic is surely UV-stable, but I believe such materials as this, developed by NASA, have a considerable degree of porosity, as well as relative brittleness. The conventional acrylic-emulsion porosity-sealers will degrade in solar ultraviolet and are not known to improve mechanical properties. Does this material have available a UV-stable porosity-sealer for external applications? The article did not appear to mention this.

EonCoat - Permanent Protection of Carbon Steel

Merrick Alpert
August 17, 2016
Steve, Thanks for bringing up a great point. You are absolutely correct that the ceramic is porous. The ceramic is not there to be a barrier and in fact is not a barrier. The purpose of the ceramic is to be a source of soluble phosphate should the passivation layer ever get damaged. The ceramic leaches phosphate onto the metal every time it gets wet. The natural porosity of a ceramic actually helps facilitate the delivery. While the ceramic will work just fine with no sealer, as demonstrated in the NASA test, we have come to favor a topcoat. Our reason is that it makes the surface look more aesthetically pleasing and it traps the phosphate next to the metal so that it cannot leach away in an environment where water flow is high. While any topcoat will perform the task for a while, we are recommending an epoxy siloxane because it is also an inorganic product and not subject to UV degradation the way organic coatings are. Our largest oil company customer has employed exactly this solution. You also brought up an excellent point about physical properties. The ceramic is less brittle and more impact resistant than you might expect because of some of the fibrous fillers that we use. For applications where the impact and abrasion are really severe we can add glass fiber. In some earlier work with this technology we used a very similar chemical formula with glass fiber to develop a product that would stop a .50-caliber round. Questions like yours help bring out key facts about this new material science and are much appreciated. Merrick Alpert President EonCoat, LLC www.eoncoat.com

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