Painting & Coating Industry (PCI) logo Powder coating summit logo
  • Sign In
  • Create Account
  • Sign Out
  • My Account
  • NEWS
  • PRODUCTS
  • MATERIALS
  • TECHNOLOGIES
  • FINISHING
  • RESOURCES
  • EVENTS
  • DIRECTORIES
  • EMAGAZINE
  • CONTACT
cart
facebook twitter linkedin youtube
  • NEWS
  • Latest News
  • Market Trends & Reports
  • Price Alerts
  • Subscribe to eNewsletters
  • Global Top 10/ PCI 25
  • Weekly Featured Article
  • COATLE Word Game
  • PRODUCTS
  • Product News
  • Must See Products and Services
  • MATERIALS
  • Additives
  • Resins/Polymers
  • Pigments
  • Equipment
  • Distributors
  • TECHNOLOGIES
  • Adhesives
  • Architectural Coatings
  • Industrial Coatings
  • Nanotechnology
  • Powder Coatings
  • Solventborne
  • Special Purpose Coatings
  • Sustainability
  • UV Coatings
  • Waterborne
  • Waterborne
  • FINISHING
  • Finishing News
  • Finishing Technologies
  • Finishing Equipment
  • RESOURCES
  • Columns
  • Blogs
  • Coatings Supplier Handbook
  • Podcasts and Videos
  • PCI Store
  • eBooks
  • Sponsor Insights
  • White Papers
  • COATLE Word Game
  • Columns
  • Ask Joe Powder
  • Did you know?
  • Distribution Dive
  • Focus on Canada
  • Formulating With Mike
  • Innovation Insights
  • Moody's Coatings Conundrums
  • Powder Coating Perspectives
  • Target the Market
  • TiO2 Insider
  • Blogs
  • Editor's Viewpoint
  • Industry Insights
  • Podcasts and Videos
  • COAT-IT! Podcast
  • Videos/PCI TV
  • EVENTS
  • Coatings Trends & Technologies Summit
  • Paint and Coatings Academy
  • Webinars
  • Calendar of Events
  • Lifetime Achievement Award
  • DIRECTORIES
  • Buyer's Guide
  • Equipment Directory
  • Materials Directory
  • EMAGAZINE
  • Current Issue
  • eMagazine Archive
  • China Issue Archive
  • Editorial Advisory Board
  • CONTACT
  • Contact Us
  • Advertise
  • Subscribe to eMagazine
  • Subscribe to eNewsletters
Painting & Coating Industry (PCI) logo Powder coating summit logo
search
cart
facebook twitter linkedin youtube
  • Sign In
  • Create Account
  • Sign Out
  • My Account
Painting & Coating Industry (PCI) logo Powder coating summit logo
  • NEWS
    • Latest News
    • Market Trends & Reports
    • Price Alerts
    • Subscribe to eNewsletters
    • Global Top 10/ PCI 25
    • Weekly Featured Article
    • COATLE Word Game
  • PRODUCTS
    • Product News
    • Must See Products and Services
  • MATERIALS
    • Additives
    • Resins/Polymers
    • Pigments
    • Equipment
    • Distributors
  • TECHNOLOGIES
    • Adhesives
    • Architectural Coatings
    • Industrial Coatings
    • Nanotechnology
    • Powder Coatings
    • Solventborne
    • Special Purpose Coatings
    • Sustainability
    • UV Coatings
    • Waterborne
    • FINISHING
      • Finishing News
      • Finishing Technologies
      • Finishing Equipment
    • RESOURCES
      • Columns
        • Ask Joe Powder
        • Did you know?
        • Distribution Dive
        • Focus on Canada
        • Formulating With Mike
        • Innovation Insights
        • Moody's Coatings Conundrums
        • Powder Coating Perspectives
        • Target the Market
        • TiO2 Insider
      • Blogs
        • Editor's Viewpoint
        • Industry Insights
      • Coatings Supplier Handbook
      • Podcasts and Videos
        • COAT-IT! Podcast
        • Videos/PCI TV
      • PCI Store
      • eBooks
      • Sponsor Insights
      • White Papers
      • COATLE Word Game
    • EVENTS
      • Coatings Trends & Technologies Summit
      • Paint and Coatings Academy
      • Webinars
      • Calendar of Events
      • Lifetime Achievement Award
    • DIRECTORIES
      • Buyer's Guide
      • Equipment Directory
      • Materials Directory
    • EMAGAZINE
      • Current Issue
      • eMagazine Archive
      • China Issue Archive
      • Editorial Advisory Board
    • CONTACT
      • Contact Us
      • Advertise
      • Subscribe to eMagazine
      • Subscribe to eNewsletters
    Paint and Coatings AdditivesArchitectural CoatingsGreen Technology

    New Antimicrobial Meets Performance and Low-VOC Requirements

    pci0212-Dow-F1_615.jpg
    pci0212-Dow-F2_615.jpg
    pci0212-Dow-T1_615.jpg
    pci0212-Dow-T2_615.jpg
    pci0212-Dow-F1_615.jpg
    pci0212-Dow-F2_615.jpg
    pci0212-Dow-T1_615.jpg
    pci0212-Dow-T2_615.jpg
    February 1, 2012

    Fungal spoilage and algal defacement of industrial and private structures has been an ongoing challenge to the coatings industry for decades.1 In recent years, dry film preservation, such as in-can preservation, has evolved such that today it requires formulation expertise paired with regulatory excellence and strict quality control.

    Due to increased awareness of the environmental impact of microbicides, stringent requirements have been set, which has resulted in fewer available options for dry film preservation. In addition, important attributes for dry film preservatives, such as low leachability, limit choices further. Additionally, paint manufacturers need support in their efforts to produce low- or zero-VOC coatings.2

    Dow Microbial Control spearheaded new technology for dry film preservation by developing the active ingredient 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one (DCOIT), which received the Presidential “Designing Greener Chemicals Award” in 1996 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).3

    More recently, DCOIT was recognized by the European authorities as the first active substance used in Product Type 21 (antifouling products) for which a positive recommendation for Annex I inclusion has been issued.4 This is further proof of the excellent environmental profile of the active ingredient even in view of the most stringent regulations to date. The active ingredient and its metabolites are non-persistent in the environment, and the low solubility in water (3.5 mg/L)5 renders it an ideal film preservative, effective over years in low concentrations.

    The EPA-registered DCOIT is also a well-proven mildewcide, providing algaecidal properties. In certain cases, it has been demonstrated that it can contribute to bactericidal efficacy of in-can preservatives, especially against Pseudomonas sp.Its antifungal efficacy is excellent, particularly against Aureobasidium pullulans, which is recognized as the primary fungus responsible for mildew development.6

    Longstanding successful products that benefit from the inherent properties of DCOIT are the 20% active formulations, ROZONE™ 2000 Antimicrobial and ROCIMA™ 200 Antimicrobial.

    BIOBAN™200, Dow Microbial Control’s new product incorporating DCOIT, takes dispersion development one step further, supporting manufacturers’ and consumers’ growing demand for lower VOC content. BIOBAN 200 also incorporates the proprietary stabilization technique used in ROCIMA 200. Due to technology enhancements, the product has been formulated with negligible VOCs compared to ROCIMA 200, yet keeps its excellent performance characteristics in both exterior and interior coatings applications. It is formaldehyde-release free, does not contain heavy metal-based active ingredients and does not require ZnO for mildewcidal stability. BIOBAN 200 is an aqueous dispersion that is easily incorporated into coatings formulations and it is U.S. EPA registered for use in coatings.

    Experiment

    Determination of VOCs in Two Water-Based Paints Formulated with BIOBAN 200

    •   VOC by U.S. EPA method 24.7  This involves heating the coating sample for 1 h at 110 °C and measuring weight loss not accounted for by the water content.

    •   Water concentration was measured by Karl Fischer titration.

    •   VOC by ASTM D 6886 test method8 involves dispersion/extraction of a known weight of coating in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or acetone, use of an internal standard, and analysis by gas chromatography (GC) to quantify VOCs and exempt organic compounds, if any, present in the coating. Summation of the individual volatile organic compound weight fractions gives the total VOC content of the coating measured in weight percent. Table 1 shows the low contribution of BIOBAN 200 to the VOC content of two latex flat interior architectural paints.

    Dry Film Efficacy of BIOBAN 200 Against Fungi by ASTM Method 55909

    Experimental Preparation

    •   Fungal spores were harvested from mature microorganisms grown on potato dextrose agar.

    •   Organisms used in this study include: Aspergillus nigerATCC# 6275, Penicillium funiculosumATCC# 11797 and Aureobasidium pullulansATCC# 9348.

    •   Each spore sample was adjusted to a concentration of ~2 x 106 spores/mL. Equal volumes of each spore suspension were pooled prior to sample inoculation (A. nigerATCC# 6275 and P. funiculosumATCC# 11797 were tested as a pooled inoculum, whereas A. pullulans ATCC# 9348 was tested separately).

    Test Method

    •   The samples were prepared by casting 3-mil wet films of the paint samples on Leneta™ drawdown paper and air dried for 24 h.

    •   Two 1-inch strips were cut from each dry film. One set of strips was leached for 24 h with distilled water in 1-gal containers at a flow rate of six changes per day and dried again, while the other set remained unleached.

    •   The coated strips samples were placed on potato dextrose agar.

    •   0.5 mL of the fungal inoculum was deposited directly onto the coated samples and evenly spread over the entire substrate/agar surface.

    •   Agar plates were incubated at 30 °C, with high humidity, for the course of the experiment.

     

    Fungal Growth Measurement

    •   Plates were scored at seven-day intervals over a 28-day period.

    •   The readings at week four were used to determine sample pass/fail (see Table 2). Samples with scores of 0 or 1 were considered to have passed the test and are shown in green. Samples with scores 2 and above are considered a fail and are shown in red.

    •   Scoring scale: No growth = 0; T Trace (<10% coverage) = 1; Light (10 - 30% coverage) =2; Moderate (30 - 60% coverage) = 3; and Heavy (60 - 100% coverage) = 4.

    The unleached as well as leached samples show the efficacy of BIOBAN 200 at 800 and 1100 ppm DCOIT active ingredient concentration against a mixture of A. niger/P. funiculosumand A. pullulansin two architectural paints. The unleached samples exhibit a maximum <10 % rating, most specimens are clean of fungal growth. The untreated paints readily support fungal growth.

    The leached samples show the potency and low leachability of the active ingredient DCOIT. There are no significant differences between the leached and unleached series.

    Outdoor Exposure Results

    A 100% acrylic latex semigloss paint was prepared. The formulation contained a TiO2 slurry as the sole pigment and used HEUR rheology modifiers to control viscosity. The final formulation had a pigment volume concentration of 22% with 34% volume solids. Various biocides were post-added to the finished paint with adequate agitation provide by an overhead laboratory mixer. Panel preparation was completed under controlled conditions. The primer used in these experiments was a biocide-free acrylic stain-blocking primer. One coat was applied to the white pine substrate followed by two coats of test paint. The cedar substrate received two coats of primer. All paints were brush applied using a spread rate of 400 sq ft/gal, with 24 h between coats. All panels were exposed in Glen St. Mary, FL, in a north vertical (NV) orientation.

    Figure 1 shows the graphical evaluation of the overall defacement over time in an acrylic semigloss coating exposed in Glen St. Mary, FL, on primed white pine. After seven months, the blank sample deteriorated quickly to total defacement by 16 months.

    BIOBAN 200 showed just 10% defacement after 14 months and stabilized at 30% defacement after 30 months, whereas a competitive microbicidal active deteriorated quickly after 18 months (initially 5% defacement) to 60% defacement.

    Figure 2 exhibits a similar picture. Here, the substrate was changed to primed cedar, exposure conditions identical to Figure 1. After 30 months, BIOBAN 200 at 1100 ppm outperformed the competitive fungicide in higher concentration by far. Eighty five percent of the panels were free of defacement, whereas the competitive mildewcide deteriorated to a value similar to the untreated panel (25- 30% free of defacement).

    Again, the DCOIT-based BIOBAN 200 showed remarkable performance because of its inherent low leaching characteristics and excellent microbicidal efficacy.

    Summary

    The proprietary stabilization of the active ingredient DCOIT paired with proven microbicidal efficacy and low leaching characteristics provides the remarkable performance characteristics of BIOBAN 200. Further, BIOBAN 200 supports the growing demand of architectural paint manufacturers and consumers for lower-VOC-content products. n

     

    References

    1   Warscheid, T. Impacts of microbial biofilms in the deterioration of inorganic building materials and their relevance for the conservation practice,                               Internationale Zeitschrift für Bauinstandsetzen 2 (6), (1996) 493-504.

    2   Köhler, T.; Carlsen A.; Tiedtke, G. Breakthrough innovation for in-can preservation, PPCJ(201), 4563, 28-29, (2011).

    3   United States Environmental Protection Agency, The Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards Program, Summary of 1996 Award Entries and                    Recipients, http://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/pubs/docs/award_entries_and_recipients1996.pdf,  p.4 (EPA744-K-96-001).

    4   Dow Microbial Control Press Release: DCOIT, an Active Substance of Dow Microbial Control, recommended by the EU Competent Authority for approval and       inclusion in BPD Annex I listing under PT 21: Antifouling Products.  http://www.dow.com/microbial/news/2011/20110329a.htm

    5   Dow Microbial Control, Material Safety Data Sheet (2011), KATHON™ 287T biocide, sect. 9.

    6   Sadasivan, L; Gandhi, U. A “two-for-one” biocide for latex coatings: provides effective in-can and dry film preservation. PCI Magazine, July, (2003).

    7   EPA Test Method 24: Determination of volatile matter content, water content, density, volume solids, and weight solids of surface coatings, p.1180-1194.

         http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/promgate/m-24.pdf

    8   ASTM D 6886 (2003) Standard Test Method for Speciation of the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Low VOC Content Waterborne Air-Dry Coatings by          Gas Chromatography.

        9   ASTM D 5590-00 (2005) Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated               Four-Week Agar Plate Assay.

    KEYWORDS: Antimicrobials Low-VOC

    Share This Story

    Looking for a reprint of this article?
    From high-res PDFs to custom plaques, order your copy today!

    Recommended Content

    JOIN TODAY
    to unlock your recommendations.

    Already have an account? Sign In

    • PCI-0724-Global10-Feature-1440.png

      2024 Global Top 10: Top Paint and Coatings Companies

      Who ranks on top? PCI’s annual ranking of the top 10...
      Global Top 10 and PCI 25
      By: Courtney Bassett
    • PCI-0724-PCI25-Feature-1440.png

      2024 PCI 25: Top Paint and Coatings Companies

      PCI's annual ranking of the top 25 North American paint...
      Global Top 10 and PCI 25
      By: Courtney Bassett
    • pci1022-Kinaltek-Lead-1170.jpg

      A Novel Pigment Production Technology

      Following an extensive R&D program that demonstrated...
      Paint and Coating Pigments
      By: Jawad Haidar and Nitin Soni
    You must login or register in order to post a comment.

    Report Abusive Comment

    Manage My Account
    • eMagazine
    • eNewsletter
    • Online Registration
    • Subscription Customer Service

    The Coatings Minute: Your Inside Look at PCInnovations

    The Coatings Minute: Your Inside Look at PCInnovations

    CTT Registration Now Open

    CTT Registration Now Open

    The Coatings Minute: Why Industry News Matters More Than Ever

    The Coatings Minute: Why Industry News Matters More Than Ever

    The Coatings Minute: Print Returns with PCI’s New Showcase Issue

    The Coatings Minute: Print Returns with PCI’s New Showcase Issue

    More Videos

    Sponsored Content

    Sponsored Content is a special paid section where industry companies provide high quality, objective, non-commercial content around topics of interest to the PCI audience. All Sponsored Content is supplied by the advertising company and any opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and not necessarily reflect the views of PCI or its parent company, BNP Media. Interested in participating in our Sponsored Content section? Contact your local rep!

    close
    • Modern arapartment complex painted in bright colors.
      Sponsored byEPS - Engineered Polymer Solutions

      Architectural Polymers Leading the Way in Coatings Innovation

    • paint sprayer in a workshop
      Sponsored byallnex

      Enabling Performance and Compliance: allnex Introduces a New Line of VOC Exempt Solvent-Borne Resins

    Popular Stories

    No. 3 AkzoNobel

    AkzoNobel to Close Two Manufacturing Sites

    Modern living room interior with green plants, sofa and green wall

    Reimagining Architectural Paints with Plant-Based Acrylic Binders

    Modern arapartment complex painted in bright colors.

    Architectural Polymers Leading the Way in Coatings Innovation



    PCI Buyers Guide

    Submit a Request for Proposal (RFP) to suppliers of your choice with details on what you need with a click of a button

    Start your RFP

    Browse our Buyers Guide for manufacturers and distributors of all types of coatings products and much more!

    Find Suppliers

    Events

    September 3, 2025

    Coatings Trends & Technologies Summit

    The Coatings Trends & Technologies (CTT) Summit is an annual conference for both liquid and powder coatings formulators and manufacturers to discuss innovations in coatings technology. This event combines high-quality technical presentations, a resource-rich exhibit hall, and dedicated networking opportunities to connect scientific minds, foster innovation, and cultivate game-changing new ideas!

    January 1, 2030

    Webinar Sponsorship Information

    For webinar sponsorship information, visit www.bnpevents.com/webinars or email webinars@bnpmedia.com.

    View All Submit An Event

    Poll

    Longest-running laboratory experiment

    What is the longest-running laboratory experiment?
    View Results Poll Archive

    Products

    CTT Summit Short Courses (Live 9/3/25)

    Coatings Trends & Technologies Summit is expanding its offerings with four short courses. These short courses will offer an extensive day of interactive learning.

    See More Products
    pci  webinar april 2025

    PCI CASE EBOOK

    Related Articles

    • Low-VOC feature

      New Low-VOC Coalescents for Exterior Coatings

      See More
    • pci0411-Troy-lg.jpg

      A New Substrate Wetting Additive for Low-VOC Aqueous Adhesive Products

      See More
    • Crosslinking Technology for Fast-Curing, High-Performance, Low-VOC Coatings

      See More

    Related Products

    See More Products
    • wood-coatings

      Wood Coatings

    • biopolymer.jpg

      Biopolymer-Based Films and Coatings Trends and Challenges

    • composite.jpg

      Composite Materials: Properties, Characterisation, and Applications

    See More Products
    ×

    Keep the info flowing with our eNewsletters!

    Get the latest industry updates tailored your way.

    JOIN TODAY!
    • RESOURCES
      • Advertise
      • Contact Us
      • Directories
      • Store
      • Want More
    • SIGN UP TODAY
      • Create Account
      • eMagazine
      • eNewsletters
      • Customer Service
      • Manage Preferences
    • SERVICES
      • Marketing Services
      • Reprints
      • Market Research
      • List Rental
      • Survey & Sample
    • STAY CONNECTED
      • LinkedIn
      • Facebook
      • Youtube
      • X (Twitter)
    • PRIVACY
      • PRIVACY POLICY
      • TERMS & CONDITIONS
      • DO NOT SELL MY PERSONAL INFORMATION
      • PRIVACY REQUEST
      • ACCESSIBILITY

    Copyright ©2025. All Rights Reserved BNP Media.

    Design, CMS, Hosting & Web Development :: ePublishing

    Painting & Coating Industry (PCI) logo Powder coating summit logo
    search
    cart
    facebook twitter linkedin youtube
    • Sign In
    • Create Account
    • Sign Out
    • My Account
    Painting & Coating Industry (PCI) logo Powder coating summit logo
    • NEWS
      • Latest News
      • Market Trends & Reports
      • Price Alerts
      • Subscribe to eNewsletters
      • Global Top 10/ PCI 25
      • Weekly Featured Article
      • COATLE Word Game
    • PRODUCTS
      • Product News
      • Must See Products and Services
    • MATERIALS
      • Additives
      • Resins/Polymers
      • Pigments
      • Equipment
      • Distributors
    • TECHNOLOGIES
      • Adhesives
      • Architectural Coatings
      • Industrial Coatings
      • Nanotechnology
      • Powder Coatings
      • Solventborne
      • Special Purpose Coatings
      • Sustainability
      • UV Coatings
      • Waterborne
      • FINISHING
        • Finishing News
        • Finishing Technologies
        • Finishing Equipment
      • RESOURCES
        • Columns
          • Ask Joe Powder
          • Did you know?
          • Distribution Dive
          • Focus on Canada
          • Formulating With Mike
          • Innovation Insights
          • Moody's Coatings Conundrums
          • Powder Coating Perspectives
          • Target the Market
          • TiO2 Insider
        • Blogs
          • Editor's Viewpoint
          • Industry Insights
        • Coatings Supplier Handbook
        • Podcasts and Videos
          • COAT-IT! Podcast
          • Videos/PCI TV
        • PCI Store
        • eBooks
        • Sponsor Insights
        • White Papers
        • COATLE Word Game
      • EVENTS
        • Coatings Trends & Technologies Summit
        • Paint and Coatings Academy
        • Webinars
        • Calendar of Events
        • Lifetime Achievement Award
      • DIRECTORIES
        • Buyer's Guide
        • Equipment Directory
        • Materials Directory
      • EMAGAZINE
        • Current Issue
        • eMagazine Archive
        • China Issue Archive
        • Editorial Advisory Board
      • CONTACT
        • Contact Us
        • Advertise
        • Subscribe to eMagazine
        • Subscribe to eNewsletters