References

  1. Butt, J.; Joshi, M.;Strepka, A. Film-Forming Aid to Minimize Volatile Organic Content in Exterior Applications, Proceedings of the 37th Waterborne, High-Solids and Powder Coatings Symposium, New Orleans, LA, 2010, 31-45.
  2. Arendt, W.; McBride, E. New Dibenzoate Plasticizer/Coalescent Blends for Low-VOC Coating Formulations, Proceedings of the 38th Waterborne, High-Solids and Powder Coatings Symposium, 2011, 419-429.
  3. Arendt, W.; McBride, E. New Dibenzoate Plasticizer/Coalescent Blend for Low-VOC Coating Formulations, Coatings Tech2011, 8, 26-33.
  4. Arendt, W.; Hanes, R.; McBride, E. New Plasticizer and Coalescent for Graphics Applications, Proceedings of the 39th Waterborne, High-Solids and Powder Coatings Symposium, 2012, 442-457.
  5. Arendt, W.; Hanes, R.; McBride, E. Advances in Low-VOC Coalescent, PCI, 2012, 28, No. 8, 40-44.
  6. Arendt, W.; McBride, E.; Hanes, R. Low VOC Tri-dibenzoate Blend in Exterior Coatings and Interior Paint Based on Harder Acrylic Polymers, Presentation at the Cleveland Coatings Society Sink or Swim Conference, June 4-5, 2012.
  7. Arendt, W.; McBride, E.; Hanes, R. Low VOC Tri-dibenzoate Blend in Exterior Coatings and Interior Paint Based on Harder Acrylic Polymers, Presentation at the Coatings Trends and Technologies Conference, September 11-12, 2012.
  8. RHOPLEX™ VSR-50, Product Data Sheet for Rohm and Haas, Feb 2008.
  9. RHOPLEX™ MULTILOBE (ML 200), Product Data Sheet for Dow.

 

APPENDIX 1 » Exterior paint formulation used in the evaluation.

Acrylic flat

Ingredient Type Chemical Name/Class Pounds
Water Dihydrogen oxide 254
Thickener Hydroxyethylcellulose, glyoxal treated 3
Propylene glycol 1,2-propanediol 16
Surfactant Nonionic surfactant, HLB = 12.6/dispersant 1
Defoamer Oil-based defoamer 2
Dispersant Sodium salt of maleic anhydride copolymer 14
Pigment Titanium dioxide (rutile) 200
Extender Sodium-potassium alumina silicate 140
Extender Diatomaceous earth alumino-silicate 20
In-can preservative 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one/ microbicide 2
Biocide 4,5-dichloro-2-N-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone/fungicide,algicide 6
em>Grind    
Let down:    
Polymer8 Acrylic emulsion, Tg 9 ºC/emulsion 360
Polymer Opaque polymer, particle size: 0.4 microns 66
Coalescent Plasticizer 8/td>
Surfactant Nonionic surfactant/HLB = 12.6 0.5
Defoamer Oil-based defoamer 2/td>
Thickener Nonionic HEUR/thickener 3
Total   1108

 

Acrylic semigloss

Ingredient Type Chemical Name/Class Pounds
Water Dihydrogen oxide 65
Dispersant Hydrophobic copolymer/pigment dispersant 13
Surfactant Sulfosuccinate/anionic surfactant 2
Defoamer Polysiloxanes, 0 VOC/silicone defoamer 0.5
Pigment Titanium dioxide (rutile) 225
Filler Hydrous aluminum silicate, particle size=0.2 microns/extender 10
In-can preservative 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one/ microbicide 2
Grind    
Letdown    
Polymer 7 Acrylic emulsion, Tg 12 ºC 484
Polymer Opaque polymer, particle size: 0.4 microns 43
Plasticizer/coalescent Plasticizer 4
Surfactant Nonionic surfactant, HLB = 12.6/wetting aid 1
Defoamer Polysiloxane 1
Propylene glycol 1,2-propanediol 7
Ammonia (28%) 28% ammonium hydroxide aqueous 2
Thickener Nonionic HEUR 17
Thickener Nonionic HEUR 4
Biocide 20% IPBC (3-iodo-2-propynyl-n-butylcarbamate)/fungicide 8
Water Dihydrogen oxide 154
Total   1040

 

 

APPENDIX 2 »Test methods employed.

Test Reference/Method
pH ASTM E70
Stormer viscosity ASTM D562
ICI viscosity ASTM D4287
Contrast ratio, reflectance, and CIE values ASTM D2805, E97, D2244 – 3 mil wet film over a Leneta 3B chart dried for 5 days. Contrast ratio is reflectance of black over reflectance over white.
Gloss and sheen ASTM D2243
Low-temperature coalescence Paint and equipment conditioned at 40 °F for 2 h. Paint drawn down on a Leneta Form 3B to 6 mils wet. The films were dried horizontal for 24 h and rated (10= Excellent, 0= Very poor).
Flow and leveling ASTM D4062
Dry adhesion ASTM D3359B
Wet adhesion ASTM D6900
Early blister ASTM D714
Accelerated dirt pick up A paint sample was applied by 3 mil drawdown on an aluminum Q36 panel. The panel was allowed to dry overnight before placing in the QUV chamber for 7 days of exposure. The top half of the panel was covered and synthetic dirt (brown iron oxide dispersion) spread evenly over the uncovered portion. The panel was placed in a 120° oven for 30 min, removed from the oven and the loose dirt was removed by tapping on the panel. The top portion of the panel was uncovered. The % Y reflectance of the tested part and the untested part were read. The % Y reflectance retained was reported. The higher the %, the better the dirt pick up resistance.
Blocking resistance ASTM D4946
Scrubbability ASTM D2486
Exterior panel preparation Yellow Southern pine was used; application was at a natural spread rate of 400 square feet per gallon. South 45° and 90° panels self primed, two coats. North 90° the wood was primed with a waterborne acrylic primer and two coats of experimental paints. Two ounces of phthalo blue colorant were added to each paint. The 4 mils wet colored paint was applied to aluminum panels.